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初高中英语语法总结

时间:2023-12-20 11:52:04
初高中英语语法总结

初高中英语语法总结

初高中英语语法总结【1】

  Sometimes we use more than one adjective in front of a noun:

  有时候我们用一个以上形容词来修饰名词:

  He was a nice intelligent young man.

  She had a small round black wooden box.

  Opinion adjectives:

  Some adjectives give a general opinion. We can use these adjectives to describe almost any noun:

  有些形容词给了一个大体的描述。我们可以用这些形容词来描述几乎所有名词:

  Some adjectives give a specific opinion. We only use these adjectives to describe particularkinds of noun:

  有些形容词给了一个特殊的含义。我们只用这些形容词来描述特定的`名词:

  Food: tasty; delicious

  Furniture, buildings: comfortable; uncomfortable

  People, animals: clever; intelligent; friendly

  We usually put a general opinion in front of a specific opinion:

  我们经常在特殊概念前用一个普遍的概念:

  Nice tasty soup.

  A nasty uncomfortable armchair

  A lovely intelligent animal

  Usually we put an adjective that gives an opinion in front of an adjective that is descriptive:

  通常我们放一个描述性形容词在某个被描述的形容词前面

  a nice red dress; a silly old man; those horrible yellow curtains

  We often have two adjectives in front of a noun:

  我们经常将两个形容词放在一个名词前面:

  a handsome young man; a big black car; that horrible big dog

  Sometimes we have three adjectives, but this is unusual:

  有时候会用到三个形容词,但这是不太寻常的:

  a nice handsome young man;

  a big black American car;

  that horrible big fierce dog

  It is very unusual to have more than three adjectives.

  Adjectives usually come in this order:

  形容词通常以这种顺序排列:

  We use some adjectives only after a link verb:

  有些形容词只用在系动词后面:

  Some of the commonest -ed adjectives are normally used only after a link verb:

  一些最普通的以-ed结尾的形容词通常只用在系动词后面:

  annoyed; finished; bored; pleased; thrilled

  We say:

  我们说:

  Our teacher was ill.

  My uncle was very glad when he heard the news.

  The policeman seemed to be very annoyed

  but we do not say:

  但我们不说:

  We had an ill teacher.

  When he heard the news he was a very glad uncle

  He seemed to be a very annoyed policeman

  A few adjectives are used only in front of a noun:

  有些形容词只用在名词前面:

  We say:

  He lives in the eastern district.

  There were countless problems with the new machinery.

  but we do not say:

  The district he lives in is eastern

  The problems with the new machinery were countless.

初高中英语语法术语中英对照【2】

  英语语法术语Grammatical Terms

  语法 grammar

  句法 syntax

  词法 morphology

  结构 structure

  层次 rank

  句子 sentence

  从句 clause

  词组 phrase

  词类 part of speech

  单词 word www.2abc8.com

  实词 notional word

  虚词 structural word

  单纯词simple word

  派生词derivative

  复合词compound

  词性part of speech

  名词 noun

  专有名词 proper noun

  普通名词 common noun

  可数名词 countable noun

  不可数名词 uncountable noun

  抽象名词 abstract noun

  具体名词 concret noun

  物质名词 material noun

  集体名词 collective noun

  个体名词 individual noun

  介词 preposition

  连词 conjunction

  动词 verb

  主动词 main verb

  及物动词 transitive verb

  不及物动词 intransitive verb

  系动词 link verb

  助动词 auxiliary verb

  情态动词 modal verb

  规则动词 regular verb

  不规则动词 irregular verb

  短语动词 phrasal verb

  限定动词 finite verb

  非限定动词 infinite verb

  使役动词 causative verb

  感官动词 verb of senses

  动态动词 event verb

  静态动词 state verb

  感叹词 exclamation

  形容词 adjective

  副词 adverb

  方式副词 adverb of manner

  程度副词 adverb of degree

  时间副词 adverb of time

  地点副词 adverb of place

  修饰性副词 adjunct

  连接性副词 conjunct

  疑问副词 interrogative adverb

  关系副词 relative adverb

  代词 pronoun

  人称代词 personal pronoun

  物主代词 possessive pronoun

  反身代词 reflexive pronoun

  相互代词 reciprocal pronoun

  指示代词 demonstrative pronoun

  疑问代词 interrogative pronoun

  关系代词 relative pronoun

  不定代词 indefinite pronoun

  物主代词 possessive pronoun

  名词性物主代词 nominal possessive pronoun

  形容词性物主代词 adjectival possessive pronoun

  冠词 article

  定冠词 definite article

  不定冠词 indefinite article

  数词 numeral

  基数词 cardinal numeral

  序数词 ordinal numeral

  分数词 fractional numeral

  形式 form

  单数形式 singular form

  复数形式 plural form

  限定动词 finite verb form

  非限定动词 non-finite verb form

  原形 base form

  从句 clause

  从属句 subordinate clause

  并列句 coordinate clause

  名词从句 nominal clause

  定语从句 attributive clause

  状语从句 adverbial clause

  宾语从句 object clause

  主语从句 subject clausewww.2abc8.com

  同位语从句 appositive clause

  时间状语从句 adverbial clause of time

  地点状语从句 adverbial clause of place

  方式状语从句 adverbial clause of manner

  让步状语从句 adverbial clause of concession

  原因状语从句 adverbial clause of cause

  结果状语从句 adverbial clause of result

  目的状语从句 adverbial clause of purpose

  条件状语从句 adverbial clause of condition

  真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of real condition

  非真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of unreal condition

  含蓄条件句 adverbial clause of implied condition

  错综条件句

  adverbial clause of mixed condition

  句子 sentence

  简单句 simple sentence

  并列句 compound sentence

  复合句 complex sentence

  并列复合句 compound complex sentence

  陈述句 declarative sentence

  疑问句 interrogative sentencewww.2abc8.com

  一般疑问句 general question

  特殊疑问句 special question

  选择疑问句 alternative question

  附加疑问句 tag question

  反义疑问句 disjunctive question

  修辞疑问句 rhetorical question

  感叹疑问句 exclamatory question

  存在句 existential sentence

  肯定句 positive sentence

  基本句型 basic sentence pattern

  否定句 negative sentence

  祈使句 imperative sentence

  省略句 elliptical sentence

  感叹句 exclamatory sentence

  句子成分 members of sentences

  主语 subject

  谓语 predicate

  宾语 object

  双宾语 dual object

  直接宾语 direct object

  间接宾语 indirect object

  复合宾语 complex object

  同源宾语 cognate object

  补语 complement

  主补 subject complement

  宾补 object complement

  表语 predicative

  定语 attribute

  同位语 appositive

  状语 adverbial

  句法关系 syntactic relationship

  并列 coordinate

  从属 subordination

  修饰 modification

  前置修饰 pre-modification

  后置修饰 post-modification

  限制 restriction

  双重限制 double-restriction

  非限制 non-restriction

  数 number

  单数形式 singular form www.2abc8.com

  复数形式 plural form

  规则形式 regular form

  不规则形式 irregular form

  格 case

  普通格 common case

  所有格 possessive case

  主格 nominative case

  宾格 objective case

  性 gender

  阳性 masculine

  阴性 feminine

  通性 common

  中性 neuter

  人称 person

  第一人称 first person

  第二人称 second person

  第三人称 third person

  时态 tense

  过去将来时 past future tense

  过去将来进行时 past future continuous tense

  过去将来完成时 past future perfect tense

  一般现在时 present simple tense

  一般过去时 past simple tense

  一般将来时 future simple tense

  现在完成时 past perfect tense

  过去完成时 present perfect tense

  将来完成时 future perfect tense

  现在进行时 present continuous tense

  过去进行时 past continuous tense

  将来进行时 future continuous tense

  过去将来进行时 past future continuous tense

  现在完成进行时 present perfect continuous tense

  过去完成进行时 past perfect continuous tense

  语态 voice

  主动语态 active voice

  被动语态 passive voice

  语气 mood

  陈述语气 indicative mood

  祈使语气 imperative mood

  虚拟语气 subjunctive mood

  否定 negation

  否定范围 scope of negation

  全部否定 full negation

  局部否定 partial negation

  转移否定 shift of negation

  语序 order

  自然语序 natural order

  倒装语序 inversion

  全部倒装 full inversion

  部分倒装 partial inversion

  直接引语 direct speech

  间接引语 indirect speech

  自由直接引语 free direct speech

  自由间接引语 free indirect speech

  一致 agreement

  主谓一致 subject-predicate agreement

  语法一致 grammatical agreement

  概念一致 notional agreement

  就近原则 principle of proximity www.2abc8.com

  强调 emphasis

  重复 repetition

  语音 pronunciation

  语调 tone

  升调 rising tone

  降调 falling tone

  降升调 falling-rising tone

  文体 style

  正式文体 formal

  非正式文体 informal

  口语 spoken/oral English

  套语 formulistic expression

  英国英语 British English

  美国英语 American English

  用法 usage

  感情色彩 emotional coloring

  褒义 commendatory

  贬义 derogatory

  幽默 humorous

  讽刺 sarcastic

  挖苦 ironic

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